‼️ 起动器故障的原因 ‼️ Causes of faulty starters ‼️ Punca sebab kegagalan starter ‼️

31 Mar 2021
‼️ 起动器故障的原因 ‼️ Causes of faulty starters ‼️ Punca sebab kegagalan starter ‼️
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✅ Reasons the starter motor does not operate when the engine is ignited:
 
1️⃣ The battery loses more power than usual or already damaged internally.
2️⃣ The battery pole is too dirty or the wire connector is loose.
3️⃣ The additional relay contacts cannot be closed or ablated.
4️⃣ Electromagnetic switch contacts are ablated.
5️⃣ There are problems within the starter motor (eg: dirty commutator, excessive brush wear, brush spring that is too weak, brush stuck in the brush holder, open circuit, short circuit or ground fault in the field winding or armature winding).
 
✅ The starter motor can operate, but the reason for the weak operation may be:
 
1️⃣ The battery loses more power than usual or already damaged internally.
2️⃣ The wire is in poor contact.
3️⃣ The field winding or armature winding within the starter motor has short-circuited, the grounding and the bearing are too tight.
 
✅ If the battery is not severely weak, it is only able to provide large currents for a short period of time eventhough the circuit and idling is normal, therefore causing the starter motor to weaken.
 
The battery is in good technical condition and the circuit is normal, but the starter motor is still weak, causing the engine unable to start, the reasons may be:
1️⃣ The surface of the commutator copper sheet is too dirty.
2️⃣ Too much carbon brush wear or insufficient carbon brush spring pressure, which makes the carbon brush contact poor.
3️⃣ The excitation winding or armature winding is partially short-circuited, causing the power of the starter motor to drop.
4️⃣ The gap between the copper sleeve is too large, causing friction between the armature and the pole core.
6️⃣ The starter motor switch contact is ablated.
7️⃣ The engine assembly is too tight or the temperature is too low, which makes the rotation resistance too large.

✅ 当接通起动机开关或按下起动按钮时,起动机不转的原因:
 
1️⃣ 蓄电池亏电较多,或内部损坏。
2️⃣ 蓄电池极桩太脏或导线接头松动。
3️⃣ 附加继电器触点不能闭合或烧蚀。
4️⃣ 电磁开关触点烧蚀。
5️⃣ 起动机内部有故障(如整流子脏污、电刷磨损过多、电刷弹簧过弱、电刷在刷架中卡死、磁场绕组或电枢绕组有断路、短路或搭铁故障)。
 
✅ 起动机能够运转,但运转无力的原因可能是:
 
1️⃣ 蓄电池亏电较多或内部损坏。
2️⃣ 导线接触不良。
3️⃣ 起动机内部的磁场绕组或电枢绕组短路、搭铁以及轴承配合过紧。
 
✅ 若蓄电池部分缺电,虽然线路正常,空转也正常,但负载情况下,蓄电池短时间提供大电流能力不足,故出现起动机负载无力现象。
 
若蓄电池技术状况良好,线路也正常,而起动机负载仍然无力,不能使发动机起动,其原因可能是:
1️⃣ 换向器铜片表面过脏。
2️⃣ 炭刷磨损过多或炭刷弹簧压力不足,使炭刷接触不良。
3️⃣ 激磁绕组或电枢绕组局部短路,致使起动机功率下降。
4️⃣ 铜套间隙过大,使电枢与磁极铁芯磨擦。
6️⃣ 起动机开关触点烧蚀。
7️⃣ 发动机装配过紧或温度过低,使转动阻力过大。

✅ Sebab mengapakah motor starter tidak beroperasi apabila enjin dihidupkan:
 
1️⃣ Bateri kehilangan lebih banyak kuasa daripada biasa atau sudah rosak secara dalaman.
2️⃣ Tiang bateri terlalu kotor atau penyambung wayarnya longgar.
3️⃣ relay tambahan tidak boleh ditutup atau dihilangkan.
4️⃣ relay suis elektromagnetik tersekat.
5️⃣ Terdapat masalah dalam motor starter (contohnya: komutator kotor, keausan berus Corbon, spring berus yang terlalu lemah, sikat tersekat pada pemegang berus, litar, terbuka, litar pintas atau kesalahan tanah di lilitan medan atau belitan angker).
 
✅ Motor pemula boleh beroperasi, tetapi sebab operasi yang lemah mungkin:
 
1️⃣ Bateri kehilangan lebih banyak kuasa daripada biasa atau sudah rosak secara dalaman.
2️⃣ wayar tidak bersentuhan.
3️⃣ Lilitan coil atau belitan angker di dalam motor pemula mempunyai litar pintas, pembumian dan galas terlalu ketat.

✅ Sekiranya bateri tidak lemah, ia hanya dapat memberikan arus besar untuk jangka masa yang singkat walaupun litar dan pemalasan normal, oleh itu menyebabkan motor starter menjadi lemah.
 
Bateri dalam keadaan teknikal yang baik dan litarnya normal, tetapi motor starter masih lemah, menyebabkan enjin tidak dapat menyala, sebabnya mungkin:
 
1️⃣ Permukaan kepingan tembaga commutator terlalu kotor.
2️⃣ Terlalu banyak memakai berus karbon atau tekanan berus karbon yang tidak mencukupi, yang menyebabkan hubungan menjadi lemah.
3️⃣ Penggulungan penggulungan atau penggulungan angker sebahagiannya berlitar pintas, menyebabkan daya motor starter turun.
4️⃣ Jurang antara lengan tembaga terlalu besar, menyebabkan geseran antara angker dan tiang.
6️⃣ suis motor starter terlalu ketat.
7️⃣ Pemasangan enjin terlalu ketat atau suhunya terlalu rendah, yang menjadikan rintangan putaran terlalu besar.

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